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L'heure espagnole
''L'heure espagnole'' is a one-act opera, described as a ''comédie musicale'', with music by Maurice Ravel to a French libretto by Franc-Nohain, based on his play ('comédie-bouffe') of the same name first performed at the Théâtre de l'Odéon on 28 October 1904.〔Stoullig E. ''Les Annales du Théâtre et de la Musique, 30eme edition, 1904.'' Librairie Paul Ollendorff, Paris, 1905.〕〔Roland-Manuel, p. 52: When Franc-Nohain heard Ravel play the work through to him for the first time, he apparently looked at his watch and said to Ravel "56 minutes".〕
The title can be translated literally as "The Spanish Hour", but the word "heure" more importantly means "time" – "Spanish Time", with the connotation "How They Keep Time in Spain". Ravel had been at work on the music as early as 1907.
==Performance history==
Ravel was closely involved in every aspect of the production as it was prepared for its premiere at the Opéra-Comique in Paris.〔Kilpatrick E. The Carbonne Copy : tracing the première of L’Heure espagnole. ''Revue de Musicologie'', Tome 95/1. Année 2009.〕
The opera was first performed at the Opéra-Comique on 19 May 1911, in a double-bill with ''Thérèse'' by Jules Massenet; after the initial nine performances it was not revived.〔Wolff, Stéphane. ''Un demi-siècle d'Opéra-Comique 1900–1950.'' André Bonne, Paris, 1953.〕 The Paris Opéra presented it on 5 December 1921 with Fanny Heldy as Concepción, and it enjoyed more success.〔Roland-Manuel, p. ??〕 The opera returned to the Opéra-Comique in 1945 where it continued in the repertoire.〔 Outside France, ''L’heure espagnole'' was first seen at Covent Garden in 1919, Chicago and New York in 1920, Brussels in 1921, followed by Basel and Rotterdam (1923), Prague (1924), Hamburg, Stockholm (1925), reaching Buenos Aires in 1932 and Cairo in 1934.〔L'Avant Scène Opéra. ''L'Enfant et les sortilèges & L'Heure espagnole.'' January 1990.〕 The opera was performed for the first time in Canada at the 1961 Montreal Festivals.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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